Posts Tagged ‘sociology’

The Ancient Chinese Lunar Calendar

January 15th, 2010

Before their implementation of the Western solar calendar scheme, the Chinese almost wholly followed their own lunar calendar for determining the times of planting and harvesting and festival holidays. Though people in China today use the Western calendar for almost all business, governmental and practical matters of daily life, the old arrangement still serves as the basis for working out numerous recurring holidays. This coexistence of two calendar systems has long been acknowledged by the people of China.

However, this does not only happen in China, it also occurs in most other Eastern countries, like Thailand, and most Arabic countries.

A lunar month is determined by measuring the period of time required for the moon to complete its full cycle of 29 and a half days, a standard that makes the lunar year a full 11 days shorter than its solar counterpart. This difference is made up every 19 years by the addition of seven lunar months.

The 12 lunar months are further divided into 24 solar divisions characterized by the four seasons and times of heat and cold, all of which bear a close relationship to the annual cycle of agricultural work.

The Chinese calendar – very much like the Hebrew calendar- is a combination of the solar and lunar calendars in that it attempts to have its years coincide with the tropical year and its months coincide with the synodic months. It is not surprising that a few similarities exist between the Chinese and the Hebrew calendar.

For instance, an average year has 12 months, a leap year has 13 months. An ordinary year has 353, 354, or 355 days, a leap year has 383, 384, or 385 days. When working out what a Chinese year will be like, one needs to make a number of astronomical calculations.

First of all, you have to determine the dates for the new moons. In these cases, a new Moon is the completely black Moon (that is to say, when the Moon is in conjunction with the Sun), not the first visible crescent, as is used by the Islamic and Hebrew calendars. The date of a new moon is then the first day of a new month.

The reason why the majority of countries which had their own calendars had to drop them in favour of the Western, Julian calendar that we use today, is business. First the British and then the Americans ran international business and they used the Gregorian calendar. Anyone who sought to work with them had to follow suit. This is why national policy often differs from local custom in Third World countries.

The government desires to deal on the International markets, but the ordinary family in the country can not. So, the government took up the Gregorian calendar but the people only pay lip service to it. I live in Thailand and people here do not even use the 24 hour day divided into two halves. Their day has four sections of six hours each and the first part starts at 6AM, not midnight. Therefore, they have four 4 o’clocks a day, for instance but no 7 o’clocks. They are also 543 years ahead of us, although this is more common, for instance in Muslim countries.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece, writes on many topics, but is currently involved with researching Franklin planner pages. If you have an interest in calendars, organizers or promotional calendars, please go over to our website now at Promotional Desk Calendars

International And Inter-racial Dating

January 12th, 2010

This piece of writing is about my experiences of international and inter-racial dating. It is simply an account of what I have witnessed and experienced myself over the course of my life so far, although at 55 years old, I am nearer the end of it than the beginning. It is my guidance on dealing with an international or inter-racial relationship.

It all began at an early age when I was in infant school at seven. There was a Filipina girl in our class and I could not take my eyes off her, although I almost certainly did not know much about it then. We parted at eight when they moved closer to another school and I never saw her again.

My next meeting with a foreign girl, was the mademoiselle junior teacher at school and I was convinced that I would marry a French country girl when I grew up. That passed when the German assistant arrived.

When I was fourteen, I went on a school cruise to Leningrad and there was a party of exchange students going home to Sweden on the same ship. I went out with one of them for roughly a week and first realized the problems that can come from international dating. There was a minor language barrier, but it was fun getting over that. The real difficulty came, because I had predetermined ideas of what Swedish girls were like, probably instilled in me after years of silly ‘Carry On’ films.

At sixteen, I went to Germany to work for the summer and I found it very easy to get on with the German girls, although they were shyer that I was expecting too. Also an outlook I owed to silly Health and Efficiency ’sex films’.

After finishing university, I moved to The Netherlands to live. It was the seventies and Dutch girls were great. However, I made friends with male British colleagues first and soon saw some of the issues that can come from an international relationship. Most of the men I knew were typical Brits and made totally no effort to learn Dutch at all. Surprisingly, many Dutch people could not speak English either, particularly the parents.

This lead to a surprising quantity of tense moments in a week and that put a lot of pressure on my friends’ relationships. It is so easy to start name-calling when you are angry and it is the worst thing you can do. The Dutch girlfriend or her parents or friends would be called ‘a stupid cheese eater’ or something equally daft and the relationship was over or in trouble for days. I do not recall what the Dutch called us.

I promised myself there and then never to get serious about a foreign girl because the arguments were just too much. Food was never a problem. Culture was not much of a problem, although where I was in southern Netherlands, most people were Catholic and I am not. This did bother some parents but not me. Travelling was always going to be the drawback. Do you live by her parents or yours? In particular when children start arriving. Most countries have stronger family ties than Britain.

Then, at 50, having never been married, I went to Thailand, where I met my wife-to-be. Asian culture is very different from British or even European society and it is a real shock to both parties. Anyway, five years into our relationship and we are still fine. I recollect the reasons I gave myself for not marrying abroad when in The Netherlands and I was incorrect, but not much.

If you are going to enter into an international or even inter-racial relationship, you had better learn how to control your anger. It is the most important advice you will ever get. Being tolerant of other points of view is important too, but not getting angry is more important. Furthermore, you must try to learn something about your partner’s land, culture and language, otherwise you cannot join in any dialogue your partner may have with someone who does know a bit about it.

I have never seen religion be a hindrance ever, except in an argument. My wife is Buddhist and I am not. We talk about it, but there is never any stress. Food, again I have never seen a problem in this field. Clothing, again no problem in my life. If you get into an international or inter-racial relationship, keep your temper, do not shout, do not get angry and talk things out calmly.

Inter-Racial Relationships are in great demand! See who is looking for you in your town or city at Dating The Real Way

Brighten Things Up With Retirement Jokes

January 5th, 2010

Most people approach retirement with a gloomy countenance. They accept retirement as if it is giving into the hands of fate and the decay of the body. So, it is very important to help the retiree realize that retirement is something to be welcomed because it is an inevitable stage in life. But how can one achieve that? Its not so difficult: just poke fun at retirement. Retirement jokes, like the ones made in speeches are popular. However, speeches tend to become emotional to the point where everyone in the room is in a state of gloom and sympathy. But one can raise the level of the mood with retirement jokes (without insulting the retiree, of course).

Examples: Further to talking about the wonderful times the speaker has shared with the retiree, he/she can add something that will lighten up the atmosphere. One could give a tombstone slab, which has the inscription To Be Filled In Later on it. If you’re a friend, you may also make a joke by calling the retiree granddad or grandfather whenever the retiree speaks to you, as in “OK, grandfather”. This can also help lighten the atmosphere. But don’t overdo it, of course.

Another gag that might help is a wig in an unusual color like pink or purple. A follow up item to that joke might be that he may need a wig in the near future. If he declines it, say: Okay, then wear a paper bag instead when you go bald. Always be prepared when a joke doesnt succeed. So keep those backup jokes ready! Believe it or not, some agencies write and sell personalized retirement speeches with witty jokes built in after understanding the personality and interests of the retiree. These companies usually add jokes about the retirees profession. If one cannot find enough retirement jokes, a visit to a bookstore can help a great deal.

There are joke books that cover a wide range of topics, one of which is retirement. A little scan here and there will help inspire the reader if he/she isnt a natural comedian. These may also be good retirement gifts as well, helping the retiree have a good laugh on one of those boring Tuesday afternoons. There are also a lot of websites available on the net that provide a lot of jokes and free retirement e-books. The e-books that are available range from the 200 Best Things Said about Retirement to Retirement Wisdom You Wont Get from your Financial Advisor.

Conclusion: You have a lot of leeway when telling jokes at a retirement party. If you know someone who is coming near to retirement, you can first send an email or two which has retirement quotations like retirement is when everyday is Saturday and retirement: goodbye tension, hello pension!. It is a nice gesture and creates the impression that you understand what the future retiree is going through.

Again, keep the retiree (future or not) relaxed as much as you can. Make him/her contemplate retirement with a smile and not with a sigh as much as you can. And when the retirement party does come, adopt the same light-hearted approach, inserting jokes here and there and doing some gags like the ones mentioned above. Not only will the retiree be less wary about retirement, he/she will focus more on the people who kept him happy on that bitter-sweet day, especially the person that gave him that strange pink wig.

If you are thinking aboutretirement or are already retired, please visit our website for tons of free Retirement Advice Grab a totally unique version of this article from the Uber Article Directory

Gardening Tools: An Outline

November 14th, 2009

You doubtless already know the best way to keep your plants growing healthily in your garden. However, in order to keep your vegetables and garden plants growing well, you do require good quality soil, sunlight and enough water. Although these are supplied by nature, you also require contemporary gardening tools to keep your garden in good condition. Gardening tools are a great help in taking care of your plants and providing the right growing environment that have such a positive effect on your plants’ health.

Inadequate gardening tools can also cause injury to your plants. In order to minimize this risk, you ought to use the best gardening tools you can afford. Frequently, when people talk about the ‘best gardening tools’, they really mean gardening tools that allow energy efficiency.

Here are a few of the best gardening tools available on the market. They will provide better care than ever for your flowers and your garden.

Lawnmowers: The Luxus Push Reel Mower was voted the best lawnmower by gardening aficionados. It has a large top shield to protect overhanging fruit, flowers and shrubs. Another extraordinary gardening tool is the American Lawn Mower Deluxe. It has also been accredited as one of the best. It is hand operated, therefore causing no pollution, but it is not useful on very long grass.

Garden Shredders In general, all garden shredders have a high power motor and a near-silent crushing system. This sort of gardening tool is employed to speed up shredding garden waste. Garden shredders can be electric or gas powered. The electric shredders are easy to assemble. They assist in disposing of tree and hedge prunings up to a maximum of 40 mm in diameter. This gardening tool is considered to be among the most useful by gardeners. They are obtainable with fixed wheels for added manoeuvrability.

Cultivators These modern gardening tools are available with special tines to help in cutting into firm, compressed soil without difficulty. Several cultivators are available with a free border edger. The cultivator is just the thing for clearing moss and aerating soil. This garden tool is especially helpful for turning over vegetable plots, flowerbeds, etc..

Leaf sweeper These gardening tools are extensively employed for removing large numbers of leaves from smaller lawns. They often include a very large 200-liter collector.

Hedge Trimmer This gardening tool has also been endorsed as important equipment by gardening enthusiasts. It is used for trimming hedges and pruning plants.

Garden Fork This is a fantastic gardening tool employed for aerating and transplanting. You can also use this gardening tool to split grasses and perennials. Furthermore, the spading fork is valuable for working compost, mulch and sorting hay in smaller gardens.

Mattock The mattock is an important gardening tool for splitting up clay soils and working around older trees with big roots. A mattock can be employed as a substitute for a pick and a hoe in your garden.

So, if you are new to gardening or you want to purchase a gardening enthusiast a useful present, check out what they already have and choose something from this list.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on several subjects, but is currently involved with Black and Decker Tools. If you would like to know more or check out some great offers, please go to our website at Woodworking Power Tools

About Power Screwdrivers

November 13th, 2009

Have you ever had to deal with a obstinate screw that just would not go into the material as easily as you had wanted? How about one that would not come out for you either? This is frustrating as well as time consuming. Electric screwdrivers are a great solution for these issues. They are very effective and inexpensive.

In line electric screwdrivers are designed for fundamental household projects. They are not very powerful, but more than adequate to get the task finished. For heavy duty work, consider using a drywall screwdriver. Some models offer various speeds. There are a number of models to choose from. Some are very similar in design to a straightforward screwdriver. Other are shaped like the number seven, with a handle for you to channel the screws in. Others come with a handle that pivots to help you to get into just about any angle you can come across.

Choose a electric screwdriver that fits well in your hand. Some of the handles are coarse and others have a soft, foam grip on them. Hold the power screwdriver in your hand and see how it feels after a few minutes. If you will be using it for long periods of time then comfort is very important. You don’t want to finish up with sore hands or blisters.

Different electric screwdrivers have different amounts of torque electric and speeds. You will want to evaluate this information before deciding on the electric screwdriver you want to purchase. Take some time to appraise what each electric screwdriver is suggested for. Compare that with the jobs you are liable to take on with the power screwdriver.

It is a good plan to maintain your power screwdriver fully charged. This will give you the best possible results from it. If the battery won’t hold a charge for very long, you will to swap the battery. Some people opt to purchase a second battery from the start so that they can have one charging and one in the power screwdriver. This is strongly recommended if you are going to be using the power screwdriver on a regular basis.

For those of you who aim to use your power screwdriver often, consider buying a power screwdriver kit. It comes with a sturdy carrying case. Inside you will find the power screwdriver and a slit for each accessory. You will normally get many sizes of tips to use. It will also include a power cord. Some of the power screwdriver kits also include an extra battery as well as a charger that plugs into your cigarette lighter. You can get a power screwdriver kit at a much better price than having to buy accessories individually.

Very few accidents actually result from using a power screwdriver, but they can. When using a electric screwdriver, remember the driving force behind it. Both of your hands should be away from the part that turns. The turning blade can cut your hand if you aren’t careful. It is a good idea to use eye protection as well.

Electric screwdrivers will drive through almost everything. It is very important that you make sure there are no power cords or wires behind the spot where you are screwing. Keep your hair pulled away from your face too. Leaning forward to check your progress can result in loose hair getting caught and twisted on the blade.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on several subjects, but is currently involved with Jet Power Tools. If you would like to know more or check out some great offers, please go to our website at Woodworking Power Tools

Straight Marriages – Gay Unions

November 6th, 2009

The debate on gay marriages has been a very hot political topic for many years and because it is such a hot subject, the number of places that have come out publicly either for or against the subject is not surprising. While there are few states that allow gay or same-sex marriage, there are a few that are more liberal, allowing almost equal rights. Massachusetts is currently the only state in the United States that allows same-sex marriages. The state of Rhode Island is liberal enough to recognize as legal, any same-sex marriage that is performed in Massachusetts, which is a major victory according to many same-sex supporters.

The elections of recent years have seen this as a very hot topic and with the White House stressing openly that marriage can only involve a man and a woman, not same-sexes, many states have been very reluctant to allow same-sex marriages. However, a few states have permitted same-sex civil unions, which are very similar to marriage.

These states are California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, and Vermont. The District of Columbia also recognizes same-sex unions and the Governor of New Hampshire has stated publicly that he will soon sign a bill giving the go-ahead to same-sex unions. This is a major victory for those who support the movement.

While many states have not given the go-ahead on the issue of same-sex marriage, there are states which are sitting around discussing the subject. Many couples who are fighting for their rights have argued that there is absolutely no difference in the manner they run their households compared with their heterosexual counterparts. They have also pointed out that while they may be with a partner who is the same sex as them, they do still love their partner and should have the legal right to marry them too.

This has always been a hot topic, and likely will continue to be a contentious subject for many years to come. While the topic rages within the states and at the national level, it will more than likely be quite a long time before the gay and lesbian rights groups are able to truly declare a victory for their cause. Nevertheless, there is some solace to be taken in the small triumphs as they occur, and another Governor of a state being willing to allow a civil gay union is at least a step in the direction towards victory.

However, the fact remains that the actions of the individual states usually reflect the views of the President. With a President in office who is a staunch opponent of same-sex marriage and civil union, it is unlikely to allow much room for many victories until a more accommodating, or rather liberal, President is in the White House. Only time will tell what President Obama’s views are.

Once the bill passes through all the channels of office, it goes into effect as early as the next year for the New Hampshire residents, who have been waiting patiently. With each state that gives this right to its residents, it opens the doors to more states to start becoming more tolerant of all its inhabitants. Finally, this is paving the way for America to join the bulk of Europe in recognizing the legal inequalities of straight and gay couples nationwide.

Gay Unions are in great demand! See who is looking for you at Gay and Lesbian Dating This and other unique content ‘dating’ articles are available with free reprint rights.

A Family History of Carpentry

November 5th, 2009

My family has had carpenters in it for at least four generations and I can not go back any farther than that. My father’s father came from Anglesey, an island off north Wales called Ynys Mon in Welsh. I visited his place of birth once. We were directed by a local old-timer to a meadow, but we could not see a house or any ruins. I scrambled up unto a mound of earth to get a better view and then we realized that I was standing on his old home.

He had lived in a hole in the ground covered over with earth! A door was still on it, overgrown after 70 years or so of neglect and there was a kind of stone chimney in the long grass on the top. I was 10 years old and my Dad was 33 and it was the only time either of us went the length of Wales to look up our family history. It is more than probable that my great-grandfather was a shepherd.

My grandfather ran away from home at 14 years of age to Liverpool and became an apprentice ship’s carpenter. That would have been in 1914. What a time to choose to go out into the big world – the start of the First World War in Europe. He could not speak English at the time, but must have taught himself as he learned his apprenticeship.

He passed out as the best in his year and was given a set of the finest woodworking tools of the age. Each tool had a small brass plate in the handle with his name etched into it. My father still cherished them when I was growing up.

I never met my granndfather; he died a month before I was born, but I was named after him and, knowing that I was due and that he was going, he left me a teething ring, which I still have. More to the point of this article though, there was not a single power tool in his tool bag when he died in 1954.

My father was the youngest son and when he was old enough, he had to leave school to be apprentice to his father who had stopped his roaming by then. Growing up with my father in the 1950’s and 1960’s, I do not remember him using power tools either. He used a brace-and-bit for drilling, several assorted hand-sharpened saws for cutting and his only acquiescence to modern technology, a Yankee, which was a pump-action screwdriver. Everything he needed to hang a door or cut a roof was in one bag or later on a box, which he made himself.

I went away to study and travel and when I returned for good 12 years later, my brother had finished his carpenter’s apprenticeship and was working for my Dad. That would have been in about 1980 and my brother still vows to ths day that Dad only bought power tools then because he, my brother, had learned how use them in technical college. Something which my father always denied, although it did seem a bit of a coincidence to me. My brother, now in his Fifties, still uses hand tools where he can, but also has the full range of power tools in a near-by van.

His son, now nearly 30 is also a carpenter and he has a power tool for every job and throw-away saws. How times have changed.

Owen Jones, the author of this article writes on several subjects, but is currently involved with Black and Decker Power Tools. If you would like to know more or check out some great offers, please go to our website at Woodworking Power Tools